Commit Procedures

For external developers

See Submitting Code to VTR.

For developers with commit rights

The guiding principle in internal development is to submit your work into the repository without breaking other people’s work. When you commit, make sure that the repository compiles, that the flow runs, and that you did not clobber someone else’s work. In the event that you are responsible for “breaking the build”, fix the build at top priority.

We have some guidelines in place to help catch most of these problems:

  1. Before you push code to the central repository, your code MUST pass the check-in regression test. The check-in regression test is a quick way to test if any part of the VTR flow is broken.

    At a minimum you must run:

    #From the VTR root directory
    $ ./run_reg_test.pl vtr_reg_basic
    

    You may push if all the tests return All tests passed.

    However you are strongly encouraged to run both the basic and strong regression tests:

    #From the VTR root directory
    $ ./run_reg_test.pl vtr_reg_basic vtr_reg_strong
    

    since it performs much more thorough testing.

    It is typically a good idea to run tests regularily as you make changes. If you have failures see how to debugging failed tests.

  2. The automated BuildBot will perform more extensive regressions tests and mark which revisions are stable.

  3. Everyone who is doing development must write regression tests for major feature they create. This ensures regression testing will detect if a feature is broken by someone (or yourself). See Adding Tests for details.

  4. In the event a regression test is broken, the one responsible for having the test pass is in charge of determining:

    • If there is a bug in the source code, in which case the source code needs to be updated to fix the bug, or
    • If there is a problem with the test (perhaps the quality of the tool did in fact get better or perhaps there is a bug with the test itself), in which case the test needs to be updated to reflect the new changes.

    If the golden results need to be updated and you are sure that the new golden results are better, use the command ../scripts/parse_vtr_task.pl -create_golden your_regression_test_name_here

  5. Keep in sync with the master branch as regularly as you can (i.e. git pull or git pull --rebase). The longer code deviates from the trunk, the more painful it is to integrate back into the trunk.

Whatever system that we come up with will not be foolproof so be conscientious about how your changes will effect other developers.

Code Formatting

Some parts of the VTR code base (e.g. VPR, libarchfpga, libvtrutil) have code formatting requirements which are checked automatically by regression tests. If your code changes are not compliant with the formatting, you can run:

make format

from the root of the VTR source tree. This will automatically reformat your code to be compliant with formatting requirements (this requires the clang-format tool to be available on your system).

Large Scale Reformatting

For large scale reformatting (should only be performed by VTR maintainers) the script dev/autoformat.py can be used to reformat the code and commit it as ‘VTR Robot’, which keeps the revision history clearer and records metadata about reformatting commits (which allows git hyper-blame to skip such commits).

Running Tests

VTR has a variety of tests which are used to check for correctness, performance and Quality of Result (QoR).

There are 4 main regression tests:

  • vtr_reg_basic: ~1 minute serial

    Goal: Fast functionality check

    Feature Coverage: Low

    Benchmarks: A few small and simple circuits

    Architectures: A few simple architectures

    This regression test is not suitable for evaluating QoR or performance. It’s primary purpose is to make sure the various tools do not crash/fail in the basic VTR flow.

    QoR checks in this regression test are primarily ‘canary’ checks to catch gross degredations in QoR. Ocassionally, code changes can cause QoR failures (e.g. due to CAD noise – particularly on small benchmarks); usually such failures are not a concern if the QoR differences are small.

  • vtr_reg_strong: ~20 minutes serial, ~15 minutes with -j4

    Goal: Broad functionaly check

    Feature Coverage: High

    Benchmarks: A few small circuits, with some special benchmarks to exercise specific features

    Architectures: A variety of architectures, including special architectures to exercise specific features

    This regression test is not suitable for evaluating QoR or performance. It’s primary purpose is try and achieve high functionality coverage.

    QoR checks in this regression test are primarily ‘canary’ checks to catch gross degredations in QoR. Ocassionally, changes can cause QoR failures (e.g. due to CAD noise – particularly on small benchmarks); usually such failures are not a concern if the QoR differences are small.

  • vtr_reg_nightly: ~6 hours with -j3

    Goal: Basic QoR and Performance evaluation.

    Feature Coverage: Medium

    Benchmarks: Small-medium size, diverse. Includes:

    • MCNC20 benchmarks
    • VTR benchmarks
    • Titan ‘other’ benchmarks (smaller than Titan23)

    Architectures: A wider variety of architectures

    QoR checks in this regression are aimed at evaluating quality and run-time of the VTR flow. As a result any QoR failures are a concern and should be investigated and understood.

  • vtr_reg_weekly: ~42 hours with -j4

    Goal: Full QoR and Performance evaluation.

    Feature Coverage: Medium

    Benchmarks: Medium-Large size, diverse. Includes:

    • VTR benchmarks
    • Titan23 benchmarks

    Architectures: A wide variety of architectures

    QoR checks in this regression are aimed at evaluating quality and run-time of the VTR flow. As a result any QoR failures are a concern and should be investigated and understood.

These can be run with run_reg_test.pl:

#From the VTR root directory
$ ./run_reg_test.pl vtr_reg_basic
$ ./run_reg_test.pl vtr_reg_strong

The nightly and weekly regressions require the Titan benchmarks which can be integrated into your VTR tree with:

make get_titan_benchmarks

They can then be run using run_reg_test.pl:

$ ./run_reg_test.pl vtr_reg_nightly
$ ./run_reg_test.pl vtr_reg_weekly

To speed-up things up, individual sub-tests can be run in parallel using the -j option:

#Run up to 4 tests in parallel
$ ./run_reg_test.pl vtr_reg_strong -j4

You can also run multiple regression tests together:

#Run both the basic and strong regression, with up to 4 tests in parallel
$ ./run_reg_test.pl vtr_reg_basic vtr_reg_strong -j4

Odin Functionality Tests

Odin has its own set of tests to verify the correctness of its synthesis results:

  • odin_reg_micro: ~2 minutes serial
  • odin_reg_full: ~6 minutes serial

These can be run with:

#From the VTR root directory
$ ./run_reg_test.pl odin_reg_micro
$ ./run_reg_test.pl odin_reg_full

and should be used when makeing changes to Odin.

Unit Tests

VTR also has a limited set of unit tests, which can be run with:

#From the VTR root directory
$ make && make test

Debugging Failed Tests

If a test fails you probably want to look at the log files to determine the cause.

Lets assume we have a failure in vtr_reg_basic:

#In the VTR root directory
$ ./run_reg_test.pl vtr_reg_strong
#Output trimmed...
regression_tests/vtr_reg_basic/basic_no_timing
-----------------------------------------
k4_N10_memSize16384_memData64/ch_intrinsics/common   failed: vpr
k4_N10_memSize16384_memData64/diffeq1/common         failed: vpr
#Output trimmed...
regression_tests/vtr_reg_basic/basic_no_timing...[Fail]
 k4_N10_memSize16384_memData64.xml/ch_intrinsics.v vpr_status: golden = success result = exited
#Output trimmed...
Error: 10 tests failed!

Here we can see that vpr failed, which caused subsequent QoR failures ([Fail]), and resulted in 10 total errors.

To see the log files we need to find the run directory. We can see from the output that the specific test which failed was regression_tests/vtr_reg_basic/basic_no_timing. All the regression tests take place under vtr_flow/tasks, so the test directory is vtr_flow/tasks/regression_tests/vtr_reg_basic/basic_no_timing. Lets move to that directory:

#From the VTR root directory
$ cd vtr_flow/tasks/regression_tests/vtr_reg_basic/basic_no_timing
$ ls
config  run001  run003
latest  run002  run004  run005

There we see there is a config directory (which defines the test), and a set of run-directories. Each time a test is run it creates a new runXXX directory (where XXX is an incrementing number). From the above we can tell that our last run was run005 (the symbolic link latest also points to the most recent run directory). From the output of run_reg_test.pl we know that one of the failing architecture/circuit/parameters combinations was k4_N10_memSize16384_memData64/ch_intrinsics/common. Each architecture/circuit/parameter combination is run in its own sub-folder. Lets move to that directory:

$ cd run005/k4_N10_memSize16384_memData64/ch_intrinsics/common
$ ls
abc.out                     k4_N10_memSize16384_memData64.xml  qor_results.txt
ch_intrinsics.net           odin.out                           thread_1.out
ch_intrinsics.place         output.log                         vpr.out
ch_intrinsics.pre-vpr.blif  output.txt                         vpr_stdout.log
ch_intrinsics.route         parse_results.txt

Here we can see the individual log files produced by each tool (e.g. vpr.out), which we can use to guide our debugging. We could also manually re-run the tools (e.g. with a debugger) using files in this directory.

Evaluating Quality of Result (QoR) Changes

VTR uses highly tuned and optimized algorithms and data structures. Changes which effect these can have significant impacts on the quality of VTR’s design implementations (timing, area etc.) and VTR’s run-time/memory usage. Such changes need to be evaluated carefully before they are pushed/merged to ensure no quality degredation occurs.

If you are unsure of what level of QoR evaluation is neccessary for your changes, please ask a VTR developer for guidance.

General QoR Evaluation Principles

The goal of performing a QoR evaluation is to measure precisely the impact of a set of code/architecture/benchmark changes on both the quality of VTR’s design implemenation (i.e. the result of VTR’s optimizations), and on tool run-time and memory usage.

This process is made more challenging by the fact that many of VTR’s optimization algorithms are based on heuristics (some of which depend on randomization). This means that VTR’s implementation results are dependent upon:

  • The initial conditions (e.g. input architecture & netlist, random number generator seed), and
  • The precise optimization algorithms used.

The result is that a minor change to either of these can can make the measured QoR change. This effect can be viewed as an intrinsic ‘noise’ or ‘variance’ to any QoR measurement for a particular architecture/benchmark/algorithm combination.

There are typically two key methods used to measure the ‘true’ QoR:

  1. Averaging metrics accross multiple architectures and benchmark circuits.

  2. Averaging metrics multiple runs of the same architecture and benchmark, but using different random number generator seeds

    This is a further variance reduction technique, although it can be very CPU-time intensive. A typical example would be to sweep an entire benchmark set accross 3 or 5 different seeds.

In practise any algorithm changes will likely cause improvements on some architecture/benchmark combinations, and degredations on others. As a result we primarily focus on the average behaviour of a change to evaluate its impact. However extreme outlier behaviour on particular circuits is also important, since it may indicate bugs or other unexpected behaviour.

Key QoR Metrics

The following are key QoR metrics which should be used to evaluate the impact of changes in VTR.

Implementation Quality Metrics:

Metric Meaning Sensitivity
num_pre_packed_blocks Number of primitive netlist blocks (after tech. mapping, before packing) Low
num_post_packed_blocks Number of Clustered Blocks (after packing) Medium
device_grid_tiles FPGA size in grid tiles Low-Medium
min_chan_width The minimum routable channel width Medium*
crit_path_routed_wirelength The routed wirelength at the relaxed channel width Medium
critical_path_delay The critical path delay at the relaxed channel width Medium-High

* By default, VPR attempts to find the minimum routable channel width; it then performs routing at a relaxed (e.g. 1.3x minimum) channel width. At minimum channel width routing congestion can distort the true timing/wirelength characteristics. Combined with the fact that most FPGA architectures are built with an abundance of routing, post-routing metrics are usually only evaluated at the relaxed channel width.

Run-time/Memory Usage Metrics:

Metric Meaning Sensitivity
vtr_flow_elapsed_time Wall-clock time to complete the VTR flow Low
pack_time Wall-clock time VPR spent during packing Low
place_time Wall-clock time VPR spent during placement Low
min_chan_width_route_time Wall-clock time VPR spent during routing at the relaxed channel width High*
crit_path_route_time Wall-clock time VPR spent during routing at the relaxed channel width Low
max_vpr_mem Maximum memory used by VPR (in kilobytes) Low

* Note that the minimum channel width route time is chaotic and can be highly variable (e.g. 10x variation is not unusual). Minimum channel width routing performs a binary search to find the minimum channel width. Since route time is highly dependent on congestion, run-time is highly dependent on the precise channel widths searched (which may change due to perturbations).

In practise you will likely want to consider additional and more detailed metrics, particularly those directly related to the changes you are making. For example, if your change related to hold-time optimization you would want to include hold-time related metrics such as hold_TNS (hold total negative slack) and hold_WNS (hold worst negative slack). If your change related to packing, you would want to report additional packing-related metrics, such as the number of clusters formed by each block type (e.g. numbers of CLBs, RAMs, DSPs, IOs).

Benchmark Selection

An important factor in performing any QoR evaluation is the benchmark set selected. In order to draw reasonably general conclusions about the impact of a change we desire two characteristics of the benchmark set:

  1. It includes a large number of benchmarks which are representative of the application domains of interest.

    This ensures we don’t over-tune to a specific benchmark or application domain.

  2. It should include benchmarks of large sizes.

    This ensures we can optimize and scale to large problem spaces.

In practise (for various reasons) satisfying both of these goals simultaneously is challenging. The key goal here is to ensure the benchmark set is not unreasonably biased in some manner (e.g. benchmarks which are too small, benchmarks too skewed to a particular application domain).

Fairly measuring tool run-time

Accurately and fairly measuring the run-time of computer programs is challenging in practise. A variety of factors effect run-time including:

  • Operating System
  • System load (e.g. other programs running)
  • Variance in hardware performance (e.g. different CPUs on different machines, CPU frequency scaling)

To make reasonably ‘fair’ run-time comparisons it is important to isolate the change as much as possible from other factors. This involves keeping as much of the experimental environment identical as possible including:

  1. Target benchmarks
  2. Target architecture
  3. Code base (e.g. VTR revision)
  4. CAD parameters
  5. Computer system (e.g. CPU model, CPU frequency/power scaling, OS version)
  6. Compiler version

Collecting QoR Measurements

The first step is to collect QoR metrics on your selected benchmark set.

You need at least two sets of QoR measurements:

  1. The baseline QoR (i.e. unmodified VTR).
  2. The modified QoR (i.e. VTR with your changes).

Note that it is important to generate both sets of QoR measurements on the same computing infrastructure to ensure a fair run-time comparison.

The following examples show how a single set of QoR measurements can be produced using the VTR flow infrastructure.

Example: VTR Benchmarks QoR Measurement

The VTR benchmarks are a group of benchmark circuits distributed with the VTR project. The are provided as synthesizable verilog and can be re-mapped to VTR supported architectures. They consist mostly of small to medium sized circuits from a mix of application domains. They are used primarily to evaluate the VTR’s optimization quality in an architecture exploration/evaluation setting (e.g. determining minimum channel widths).

A typical approach to evaluating an algorithm change would be to run vtr_reg_qor_chain task from the nightly regression test:

#From the VTR root
$ cd vtr_flow/tasks

#Run the VTR benchmarks
$ ../scripts/run_vtr_task.pl regression_tests/vtr_reg_nightly/vtr_reg_qor_chain

#Several hours later... they complete

#Parse the results
$ ../scripts/parse_vtr_task.pl regression_tests/vtr_reg_nightly/vtr_reg_qor_chain

#The run directory should now contain a summary parse_results.txt file
$ head -5 vtr_reg_nightly/vtr_reg_qor_chain/latest/parse_results.txt
arch                                  	circuit           	script_params	vpr_revision 	vpr_status	error	num_pre_packed_nets	num_pre_packed_blocks	num_post_packed_nets	num_post_packed_blocks	device_width	device_height	num_clb	num_io	num_outputs	num_memoriesnum_mult	placed_wirelength_est	placed_CPD_est	placed_setup_TNS_est	placed_setup_WNS_est	min_chan_width	routed_wirelength	min_chan_width_route_success_iteration	crit_path_routed_wirelength	crit_path_route_success_iteration	critical_path_delay	setup_TNS	setup_WNS	hold_TNS	hold_WNS	logic_block_area_total	logic_block_area_used	min_chan_width_routing_area_total	min_chan_width_routing_area_per_tile	crit_path_routing_area_total	crit_path_routing_area_per_tile	odin_synth_time	abc_synth_time	abc_cec_time	abc_sec_time	ace_time	pack_time	place_time	min_chan_width_route_time	crit_path_route_time	vtr_flow_elapsed_time	max_vpr_mem	max_odin_mem	max_abc_mem
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml	bgm.v             	common       	9f591f6-dirty	success   	     	26431              	24575                	14738               	2258                  	53          	53           	1958   	257   	32         	0           11      	871090               	18.5121       	-13652.6            	-18.5121            	84            	328781           	32                                    	297718                     	18                               	20.4406            	-15027.8 	-20.4406 	0       	0       	1.70873e+08           	1.09883e+08          	1.63166e+07                      	5595.54                             	2.07456e+07                 	7114.41                        	11.16          	1.03          	-1          	-1          	-1      	141.53   	108.26    	142.42                   	15.63               	652.17               	1329712    	528868      	146796
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml	blob_merge.v      	common       	9f591f6-dirty	success   	     	14163              	11407                	3445                	700                   	30          	30           	564    	36    	100        	0           0       	113369               	13.4111       	-2338.12            	-13.4111            	64            	80075            	18                                    	75615                      	23                               	15.3479            	-2659.17 	-15.3479 	0       	0       	4.8774e+07            	3.03962e+07          	3.87092e+06                      	4301.02                             	4.83441e+06                 	5371.56                        	0.46           	0.17          	-1          	-1          	-1      	67.89    	11.30     	47.60                    	3.48                	198.58               	307756     	48148       	58104
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml	boundtop.v        	common       	9f591f6-dirty	success   	     	1071               	1141                 	595                 	389                   	13          	13           	55     	142   	192        	0           0       	5360                 	3.2524        	-466.039            	-3.2524             	34            	4534             	15                                    	3767                       	12                               	3.96224            	-559.389 	-3.96224 	0       	0       	6.63067e+06           	2.96417e+06          	353000.                          	2088.76                             	434699.                     	2572.18                        	0.29           	0.11          	-1          	-1          	-1      	2.55     	0.82      	2.10                     	0.15                	7.24                 	87552      	38484       	37384
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml	ch_intrinsics.v   	common       	9f591f6-dirty	success   	     	363                	493                  	270                 	247                   	10          	10           	17     	99    	130        	1           0       	1792                 	1.86527       	-194.602            	-1.86527            	46            	1562             	13                                    	1438                       	20                               	2.4542             	-226.033 	-2.4542  	0       	0       	3.92691e+06           	1.4642e+06           	259806.                          	2598.06                             	333135.                     	3331.35                        	0.03           	0.01          	-1          	-1          	-1      	0.46     	0.31      	0.94                     	0.09                	2.59                 	62684      	8672        	32940

Example: Titan Benchmarks QoR Measurements

The Titan benchmarks are a group of large benchmark circuits from a wide range of applications, which are compatible with the VTR project. The are typically used as post-technology mapped netlists which have been pre-synthesized with Quartus. They are substantially larger and more realistic than the VTR benchmarks, but can only target specificly compatible architectures. They are used primarily to evaluate the optimization quality and scalability of VTR’s CAD algorithms while targetting a fixed architecture (e.g. at a fixed channel width).

A typical approach to evaluating an algorithm change would be to run vtr_reg_titan task from the weekly regression test:

#From the VTR root

#Download and integrate the Titan benchmarks into the VTR source tree
$ make get_titan_benchmarks

#Move to the task directory
$ cd vtr_flow/tasks

#Run the VTR benchmarks
$ ../scripts/run_vtr_task.pl regression_tests/vtr_reg_weekly/vtr_reg_titan

#Several days later... they complete

#Parse the results
$ ../scripts/parse_vtr_task.pl regression_tests/vtr_reg_nightly/vtr_reg_titan

#The run directory should now contain a summary parse_results.txt file
$ head -5 vtr_reg_nightly/vtr_reg_qor_chain/latest/parse_results.txt
arch                     	circuit                                 	vpr_revision	vpr_status	error	num_pre_packed_nets	num_pre_packed_blocks	num_post_packed_nets	num_post_packed_blocks	device_width	device_height	num_clb	num_io	num_outputs	num_memoriesnum_mult	placed_wirelength_est	placed_CPD_est	placed_setup_TNS_est	placed_setup_WNS_est	routed_wirelength	crit_path_route_success_iteration	logic_block_area_total	logic_block_area_used	routing_area_total	routing_area_per_tile	critical_path_delay	setup_TNS   setup_WNS	hold_TNS	hold_WNS	pack_time	place_time	crit_path_route_time	max_vpr_mem	max_odin_mem	max_abc_mem
stratixiv_arch.timing.xml	neuron_stratixiv_arch_timing.blif       	0208312     	success   	     	119888             	86875                	51408               	3370                  	128         	95           	-1     	42    	35         	-1          -1      	3985635              	8.70971       	-234032             	-8.70971            	1086419          	20                               	0                     	0                    	2.66512e+08       	21917.1              	9.64877            	-262034     -9.64877 	0       	0       	127.92   	218.48    	259.96              	5133800    	-1          	-1
stratixiv_arch.timing.xml	sparcT1_core_stratixiv_arch_timing.blif 	0208312     	success   	     	92813              	91974                	54564               	4170                  	77          	57           	-1     	173   	137        	-1          -1      	3213593              	7.87734       	-534295             	-7.87734            	1527941          	43                               	0                     	0                    	9.64428e+07       	21973.8              	9.06977            	-625483     -9.06977 	0       	0       	327.38   	338.65    	364.46              	3690032    	-1          	-1
stratixiv_arch.timing.xml	stereo_vision_stratixiv_arch_timing.blif	0208312     	success   	     	127088             	94088                	62912               	3776                  	128         	95           	-1     	326   	681        	-1          -1      	4875541              	8.77339       	-166097             	-8.77339            	998408           	16                               	0                     	0                    	2.66512e+08       	21917.1              	9.36528            	-187552     -9.36528 	0       	0       	110.03   	214.16    	189.83              	5048580    	-1          	-1
stratixiv_arch.timing.xml	cholesky_mc_stratixiv_arch_timing.blif  	0208312     	success   	     	140214             	108592               	67410               	5444                  	121         	90           	-1     	111   	151        	-1          -1      	5221059              	8.16972       	-454610             	-8.16972            	1518597          	15                               	0                     	0                    	2.38657e+08       	21915.3              	9.34704            	-531231     -9.34704 	0       	0       	211.12   	364.32    	490.24              	6356252    	-1          	-1

Comparing QoR Measurements

Once you have two (or more) sets of QoR measurements they now need to be compared.

A general method is as follows:

  1. Normalize all metrics to the values in the baseline measurements (this makes the relative changes easy to evaluate)
  2. Produce tables for each set of QoR measurements showing the per-benchmark relative values for each metric
  3. Calculate the GEOMEAN over all benchmarks for each normalized metric
  4. Produce a summary table showing the Metric Geomeans for each set of QoR measurments

QoR Comparison Gotchas

There are a variety of ‘gotchas’ you need to avoid to ensure fair comparisons:

  • GEOMEAN’s must be over the same set of benchmarks . A common issue is that a benchmark failed to complete for some reason, and it’s metric values are missing
  • Run-times need to be collected on the same compute infrastructure at the same system load (ideally unloaded).

Example QoR Comparison

Suppose we’ve make a change to VTR, and we now want to evaluate the change. As described above we produce QoR measurements for both the VTR baseline, and our modified version.

We then have the following (hypothetical) QoR Metrics.

Baseline QoR Metrics:

arch circuit num_pre_packed_blocks num_post_packed_blocks device_grid_tiles min_chan_width crit_path_routed_wirelength critical_path_delay vtr_flow_elapsed_time pack_time place_time min_chan_width_route_time crit_path_route_time max_vpr_mem
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml bgm.v 24575 2258 2809 84 297718 20.4406 652.17 141.53 108.26 142.42 15.63 1329712
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml blob_merge.v 11407 700 900 64 75615 15.3479 198.58 67.89 11.3 47.6 3.48 307756
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml boundtop.v 1141 389 169 34 3767 3.96224 7.24 2.55 0.82 2.1 0.15 87552
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml ch_intrinsics.v 493 247 100 46 1438 2.4542 2.59 0.46 0.31 0.94 0.09 62684
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml diffeq1.v 886 313 256 60 9624 17.9648 15.59 2.45 1.36 9.93 0.93 86524
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml diffeq2.v 599 201 256 52 8928 13.7083 13.14 1.41 0.87 9.14 0.94 85760
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml LU8PEEng.v 31396 2286 2916 100 348085 79.4512 1514.51 175.67 153.01 1009.08 45.47 1410872
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml LU32PEEng.v 101542 7251 9216 158 1554942 80.062 28051.68 625.03 930.58 25050.73 251.87 4647936
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml mcml.v 165809 6767 8649 128 1311825 51.1905 9088.1 524.8 742.85 4001.03 127.42 4999124
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml mkDelayWorker32B.v 4145 1327 2500 38 30086 8.39902 65.54 7.73 15.39 26.19 3.23 804720
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml mkPktMerge.v 1160 516 784 44 13370 4.4408 21.75 2.45 2.14 13.95 1.96 122872
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml mkSMAdapter4B.v 2852 548 400 48 19274 5.26765 47.64 16.22 4.16 19.95 1.14 116012
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml or1200.v 4530 1321 729 62 51633 9.67406 105.62 33.37 12.93 44.95 3.33 219376
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml raygentop.v 2934 710 361 58 22045 5.14713 39.72 9.54 4.06 19.8 2.34 126056
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml sha.v 3024 236 289 62 16653 10.0144 390.89 11.47 2.7 6.18 0.75 117612
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml stereovision0.v 21801 1122 1156 58 64935 3.63177 82.74 20.45 15.49 24.5 2.6 411884
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml stereovision1.v 19538 1096 1600 100 143517 5.61925 272.41 26.99 18.15 149.46 15.49 676844
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml stereovision2.v 42078 2534 7396 134 650583 15.3151 3664.98 66.72 119.26 3388.7 62.6 3114880
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml stereovision3.v 324 55 49 30 768 2.66429 2.25 0.75 0.2 0.57 0.05 61148

Modified QoR Metrics:

arch circuit num_pre_packed_blocks num_post_packed_blocks device_grid_tiles min_chan_width crit_path_routed_wirelength critical_path_delay vtr_flow_elapsed_time pack_time place_time min_chan_width_route_time crit_path_route_time max_vpr_mem
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml bgm.v 24575 2193 2809 82 303891 20.414 642.01 70.09 113.58 198.09 16.27 1222072
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml blob_merge.v 11407 684 900 72 77261 14.6676 178.16 34.31 13.38 57.89 3.35 281468
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml boundtop.v 1141 369 169 40 3465 3.5255 4.48 1.13 0.7 0.9 0.17 82912
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml ch_intrinsics.v 493 241 100 54 1424 2.50601 1.75 0.19 0.27 0.43 0.09 60796
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml diffeq1.v 886 293 256 50 9972 17.3124 15.24 0.69 0.97 11.27 1.44 72204
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml diffeq2.v 599 187 256 50 7621 13.1714 14.14 0.63 1.04 10.93 0.78 68900
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml LU8PEEng.v 31396 2236 2916 98 349074 77.8611 1269.26 88.44 153.25 843.31 49.13 1319276
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml LU32PEEng.v 101542 6933 9216 176 1700697 80.1368 28290.01 306.21 897.95 25668.4 278.74 4224048
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml mcml.v 165809 6435 8649 124 1240060 45.6693 9384.4 296.99 686.27 4782.43 99.4 4370788
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml mkDelayWorker32B.v 4145 1207 2500 36 33354 8.3986 53.94 3.85 14.75 19.53 2.95 785316
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml mkPktMerge.v 1160 494 784 36 13881 4.57189 20.75 0.82 1.97 15.01 1.88 117636
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml mkSMAdapter4B.v 2852 529 400 56 19817 5.21349 27.58 5.05 2.66 14.65 1.11 103060
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml or1200.v 4530 1008 729 76 48034 8.70797 202.25 10.1 8.31 171.96 2.86 178712
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml raygentop.v 2934 634 361 58 20799 5.04571 22.58 2.75 2.42 12.86 1.64 108116
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml sha.v 3024 236 289 62 16052 10.5007 337.19 5.32 2.25 4.52 0.69 105948
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml stereovision0.v 21801 1121 1156 58 70046 3.61684 86.5 9.5 15.02 41.81 2.59 376100
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml stereovision1.v 19538 1080 1600 92 142805 6.02319 343.83 10.68 16.21 247.99 11.66 480352
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml stereovision2.v 42078 2416 7396 124 646793 14.6606 5614.79 34.81 107.66 5383.58 62.27 2682976
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml stereovision3.v 324 54 49 34 920 2.5281 1.55 0.31 0.14 0.43 0.05 63444

Based on these metrics we then calculate the following ratios and summary.

QoR Metric Ratio (Modified QoR / Baseline QoR):

arch circuit num_pre_packed_blocks num_post_packed_blocks device_grid_tiles min_chan_width crit_path_routed_wirelength critical_path_delay vtr_flow_elapsed_time pack_time place_time min_chan_width_route_time crit_path_route_time max_vpr_mem
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml bgm.v 1.00 0.97 1.00 0.98 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.50 1.05 1.39 1.04 0.92
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml blob_merge.v 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.13 1.02 0.96 0.90 0.51 1.18 1.22 0.96 0.91
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml boundtop.v 1.00 0.95 1.00 1.18 0.92 0.89 0.62 0.44 0.85 0.43 1.13 0.95
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml ch_intrinsics.v 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.17 0.99 1.02 0.68 0.41 0.87 0.46 1.00 0.97
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml diffeq1.v 1.00 0.94 1.00 0.83 1.04 0.96 0.98 0.28 0.71 1.13 1.55 0.83
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml diffeq2.v 1.00 0.93 1.00 0.96 0.85 0.96 1.08 0.45 1.20 1.20 0.83 0.80
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml LU8PEEng.v 1.00 0.98 1.00 0.98 1.00 0.98 0.84 0.50 1.00 0.84 1.08 0.94
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml LU32PEEng.v 1.00 0.96 1.00 1.11 1.09 1.00 1.01 0.49 0.96 1.02 1.11 0.91
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml mcml.v 1.00 0.95 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.89 1.03 0.57 0.92 1.20 0.78 0.87
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml mkDelayWorker32B.v 1.00 0.91 1.00 0.95 1.11 1.00 0.82 0.50 0.96 0.75 0.91 0.98
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml mkPktMerge.v 1.00 0.96 1.00 0.82 1.04 1.03 0.95 0.33 0.92 1.08 0.96 0.96
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml mkSMAdapter4B.v 1.00 0.97 1.00 1.17 1.03 0.99 0.58 0.31 0.64 0.73 0.97 0.89
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml or1200.v 1.00 0.76 1.00 1.23 0.93 0.90 1.91 0.30 0.64 3.83 0.86 0.81
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml raygentop.v 1.00 0.89 1.00 1.00 0.94 0.98 0.57 0.29 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.86
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml sha.v 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.96 1.05 0.86 0.46 0.83 0.73 0.92 0.90
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml stereovision0.v 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.08 1.00 1.05 0.46 0.97 1.71 1.00 0.91
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml stereovision1.v 1.00 0.99 1.00 0.92 1.00 1.07 1.26 0.40 0.89 1.66 0.75 0.71
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml stereovision2.v 1.00 0.95 1.00 0.93 0.99 0.96 1.53 0.52 0.90 1.59 0.99 0.86
k6_frac_N10_frac_chain_mem32K_40nm.xml stereovision3.v 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.13 1.20 0.95 0.69 0.41 0.70 0.75 1.00 1.04
GEOMEAN 1.00 0.95 1.00 1.02 1.01 0.98 0.92 0.42 0.87 1.03 0.96 0.89

QoR Summary:

baseline modified
num_pre_packed_blocks 1.00 1.00
num_post_packed_blocks 1.00 0.95
device_grid_tiles 1.00 1.00
min_chan_width 1.00 1.02
crit_path_routed_wirelength 1.00 1.01
critical_path_delay 1.00 0.98
vtr_flow_elapsed_time 1.00 0.92
pack_time 1.00 0.42
place_time 1.00 0.87
min_chan_width_route_time 1.00 1.03
crit_path_route_time 1.00 0.96
max_vpr_mem 1.00 0.89

From the results we can see that our change, on average, achieved a small reduction in the number of logic blocks (0.95) in return for a 2% increase in minimum channel width and 1% increase in routed wirelength. From a run-time persepective the packer is substantially faster (0.42).

Automated QoR Comparison Script

To automate some of the QoR comparison VTR includes a script to compare pares_resutls.txt files and generate a spreadsheet including the ratio and summary tables.

For example:

#From the VTR Root
$ ./vtr_flow/scripts/qor_compare.py parse_results1.txt parse_results2.txt parse_results3.txt -o comparison.xlsx

will produce ratio tables and a summary table for the files parse_results1.txt, parse_results2.txt and parse_results3.txt, where the first file (parse_results1.txt) is assumed to be the baseline used to produce normalized ratios.

Adding Tests

Any time you add a feature to VTR you must add a test which exercies the feature. This ensures that regression tests will detect if the feature breaks in the future.

Consider which regression test suite your test should be added to (see Running Tests descriptions).

Typically, test which exercise new features should be added to vtr_reg_strong. These tests should use small benchmarks to ensure they:

  • run quickly (so they get run often!), and
  • are easier to debug. If your test will take more than ~1 minute it should probably go in a longer running regression test (but see first if you can create a smaller testcase first).

Adding a test to vtr_reg_strong

This describes adding a test to vtr_reg_strong, but the process is similar for the other regression tests.

  1. Create a configuration file

    First move to the vtr_reg_strong directory:

    #From the VTR root directory
    $ cd vtr_flow/tasks/regression_tests/vtr_reg_strong
    $ ls
    qor_geomean.txt             strong_flyover_wires        strong_pack_and_place
    strong_analysis_only        strong_fpu_hard_block_arch  strong_power
    strong_bounding_box         strong_fracturable_luts     strong_route_only
    strong_breadth_first        strong_func_formal_flow     strong_scale_delay_budgets
    strong_constant_outputs     strong_func_formal_vpr      strong_sweep_constant_outputs
    strong_custom_grid          strong_global_routing       strong_timing
    strong_custom_pin_locs      strong_manual_annealing     strong_titan
    strong_custom_switch_block  strong_mcnc                 strong_valgrind
    strong_echo_files           strong_minimax_budgets      strong_verify_rr_graph
    strong_fc_abs               strong_multiclock           task_list.txt
    strong_fix_pins_pad_file    strong_no_timing            task_summary
    strong_fix_pins_random      strong_pack
    

    Each folder (prefixed with strong_ in this case) defines a task (sub-test).

    Let’s make a new task named strong_mytest. An easy way is to copy an existing configuration file such as strong_timing/config/config.txt

    $ mkdir -p strong_mytest/config
    $ cp strong_timing/config/config.txt strong_mytest/config/.
    

    You can now edit strong_mytest/config/config.txt to customize your test.

  2. Generate golden reference results

    Now we need to test our new test and generate ‘golden’ reference results. These will be used to compare future runs of our test to detect any changes in behaviour (e.g. bugs).

    From the VTR root, we move to the vtr_flow/tasks directory, and then run our new test:

    #From the VTR root
    $ cd vtr_flow/tasks
    $ ../scripts/run_vtr_task.pl regression_tests/vtr_reg_strong/strong_mytest
    
    regression_tests/vtr_reg_strong/strong_mytest
    -----------------------------------------
    Current time: Jan-25 06:51 PM.  Expected runtime of next benchmark: Unknown
    k6_frac_N10_mem32K_40nm/ch_intrinsics...OK
    

    Next we can generate the golden reference results using parse_vtr_task.pl with the -create_golden option:

    $ ../scripts/parse_vtr_task.pl regression_tests/vtr_reg_strong/strong_mytest -create_golden
    

    And check that everything matches with -check_golden:

    $ ../scripts/parse_vtr_task.pl regression_tests/vtr_reg_strong/strong_mytest -check_golden
    regression_tests/vtr_reg_strong/strong_mytest...[Pass]
    
  3. Add it to the task list

    We now need to add our new strong_mytest task to the task list, so it is run whenever vtr_reg_strong is run. We do this by adding the line regression_tests/vtr_reg_strong/strong_mytest to the end of vtr_reg_strong’s task_list.txt:

    #From the VTR root directory
    $ vim vtr_flow/tasks/regression_tests/vtr_reg_strong/task_list.txt
    # Add a new line 'regression_tests/vtr_reg_strong/strong_mytest' to the end of the file
    

    Now, when we run vtr_reg_strong:

    #From the VTR root directory
    $ ./run_reg_test.pl vtr_reg_strong
    #Output trimmed...
    regression_tests/vtr_reg_strong/strong_mytest
    -----------------------------------------
    #Output trimmed...
    

    we see our test is run.

  4. Commit the new test

    Finally you need to commit your test:

    #Add the config.txt and golden_results.txt for the test
    $ git add vtr_flow/tasks/regression_tests/vtr_reg_strong/strong_mytest/
    #Add the change to the task_list.txt
    $ git add vtr_flow/tasks/regression_tests/vtr_reg_strong/task_list.txt
    #Commit the changes, when pushed the test will automatically be picked up by BuildBot
    $ git commit
    

Debugging Aids

VTR has support for several additional tools/features to aid debugging.

Sanitizers

VTR can be compiled using sanitizers which will detect invalid memory accesses, memory leaks and undefined behaviour (supported by both GCC and LLVM):

#From the VTR root directory
$ cmake -D VTR_ENABLE_SANITIZE=ON build
$ make

Assertion Levels

VTR supports configurable assertion levels.

The default level (2) which turns on most assertions which don’t cause significant run-time penalties.

This level can be increased:

#From the VTR root directory
$ cmake -D VTR_ASSERT_LEVEL=3 build
$ make

this turns on more extensive assertion checking and re-builds VTR.

External Subtrees

VTR includes some code which is developed in external repositories, and is integrated into the VTR source tree using git subtrees.

To simplify the process of working with subtrees we use the dev/external_subtrees.py script.

For instance, running ./dev/external_subtrees.py --list from the VTR root it shows the subtrees:

Component: abc             Path: abc                            URL: https://github.com/berkeley-abc/abc.git       URL_Ref: master
Component: libargparse     Path: libs/EXTERNAL/libargparse      URL: https://github.com/kmurray/libargparse.git    URL_Ref: master
Component: libblifparse    Path: libs/EXTERNAL/libblifparse     URL: https://github.com/kmurray/libblifparse.git   URL_Ref: master
Component: libsdcparse     Path: libs/EXTERNAL/libsdcparse      URL: https://github.com/kmurray/libsdcparse.git    URL_Ref: master
Component: libtatum        Path: libs/EXTERNAL/libtatum         URL: https://github.com/kmurray/tatum.git          URL_Ref: master

Code included in VTR by subtrees should not be modified within the VTR source tree. Instead changes should be made in the relevant up-stream repository, and then synced into the VTR tree.

Updating an existing Subtree

  1. From the VTR root run: ./dev/external_subtrees.py $SUBTREE_NAME, where $SUBTREE_NAME is the name of an existing subtree.

    For example to update the libtatum subtree:

    ./dev/external_subtrees.py --update libtatum
    

Adding a new Subtree

To add a new external subtree to VTR do the following:

  1. Add the subtree specification to dev/subtree_config.xml.

    For example to add a subtree name libfoo from the master branch of https://github.com/kmurray/libfoo.git to libs/EXTERNAL/libfoo you would add:

    <subtree
        name="libfoo"
        internal_path="libs/EXTERNAL/libfoo"
        external_url="https://github.com/kmurray/libfoo.git"
        default_external_ref="master"/>
    

    within the existing <subtrees> tag.

    Note that the internal_path directory should not already exist.

    You can confirm it works by running: dev/external_subtrees.py --list:

    Component: abc             Path: abc                            URL: https://github.com/berkeley-abc/abc.git       URL_Ref: master
    Component: libargparse     Path: libs/EXTERNAL/libargparse      URL: https://github.com/kmurray/libargparse.git    URL_Ref: master
    Component: libblifparse    Path: libs/EXTERNAL/libblifparse     URL: https://github.com/kmurray/libblifparse.git   URL_Ref: master
    Component: libsdcparse     Path: libs/EXTERNAL/libsdcparse      URL: https://github.com/kmurray/libsdcparse.git    URL_Ref: master
    Component: libtatum        Path: libs/EXTERNAL/libtatum         URL: https://github.com/kmurray/tatum.git          URL_Ref: master
    Component: libfoo          Path: libs/EXTERNAL/libfoo           URL: https://github.com/kmurray/libfoo.git         URL_Ref: master
    

    which shows libfoo is now recognized.

  2. Run ./dev/external_subtrees.py --update $SUBTREE_NAME to add the subtree.

    For the libfoo example above this would be:

    ./dev/external_subtrees.py --update libfoo
    

    This will create two commits to the repository. The first will squash all the upstream changes, the second will merge those changes into the current branch.

Subtree Rational

VTR uses subtrees to allow easy tracking of upstream dependencies.

Their main advantages included:

  • Works out-of-the-box: no actions needed post checkout to pull in dependencies (e.g. no git submodule update --init --recursive)
  • Simplified upstream version tracking
  • Potential for local changes (although in VTR we do not use this to make keeping in sync easier)

See here for a more detailed discussion.

Finding Bugs with Coverity

Coverity Scan is a static code analysis service which can be used to detect bugs.

Browsing Defects

To view defects detected do the following:

  1. Get a coverity scan account

    Contact a project maintainer for an invitation.

  2. Browse the existing defects through the coverity web interface

Submitting a build

To submit a build to coverity do the following:

  1. Download the coverity build tool

  2. Configure VTR to perform a debug build. This ensures that all assertions are enabled, without assertions coverity may report bugs that are gaurded against by assertions. We also set VTR asserts to the highest level.

    #From the VTR root
    mkdir -p build
    cd build
    CC=gcc CXX=g++ cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=debug -DVTR_ASSERT_LEVEL=3 ..
    

Note that we explicitly asked for gcc and g++, the coverity build tool defaults to these compilers, and may not like the default ‘cc’ or ‘c++’ (even if they are linked to gcc/g++).

  1. Run the coverity build tool

    #From the build directory where we ran cmake
    cov-build --dir cov-int make -j8
    
  2. Archive the output directory

    tar -czvf vtr_coverity.tar.gz cov-int
    
  3. Submit the archive through the coverity web interface

Once the build has been analyzed you can browse the latest results throught the coverity web interface

No files emitted

If you get the following warning from cov-build:

[WARNING] No files were emitted.

You may need to configure coverity to ‘know’ about your compiler. For example:

```shell
cov-configure --compiler `which gcc-7`
```

On unix-like systems run scan-build make from the root VTR directory. to output the html analysis to a specific folder, run scan-build make -o /some/folder

Release Procedures

General Principles

We periodically make ‘official’ VTR releases. While we aim to keep the VTR master branch stable through-out development some users prefer to work of off an official release. Historically this has coincided with the publishing of a paper detailing and carefully evaluating the changes from the previous VTR release. This is particularly helpful for giving academics a named baseline version of VTR to which they can compare which has a known quality.

In preparation for a release it may make sense to produce ‘release candidates’ which when fully tested and evaluated (and after any bug fixes) become the official release.

Checklist

The following outlines the procedure to following when making an official VTR release:

  • Check the code compiles on the list of supported compilers
  • Check that all regression tests pass
  • Update regression test golden results to match the released version
  • Increment the version number (set in root CMakeLists.txt)
  • Create a new entry in the CHANGELOG.md for the release, summarizing at a high-level user-facing changes
  • Create a git annotated tag (e.g. v8.0.0) and push it to github